Issues of health and wellness, illness and disease, surround us in our everyday lives. Television advertisements promote drugs for specific diseases, always ending with a long – and quickly spoken – warning about all the possible side effects of the drug being promoted. News reports are filled with stories about drugs being pulled from the market and drug companies being sued. Celebrities stricken with cancer and other diseases discuss their situations publicly, sometimes promoting particular kinds of therapies. Politicians debate the merits of various levels of health care insurance and who should pay for it. In the midst of this flood of information however, finding informative and clearly written materials about health issues specific to you as an individual can be a daunting task. Even those among us who consider ourselves highly literate can have difficulty finding useful information about a specific disease and the various therapies recommended, or how one drug prescribed for us will interact with others we are already taking, or what is or is not covered by our insurance plan – if we are lucky enough to have one. We can well imagine, then, the steepness of the learning curve that confronts our adult literacy students as they try to acquire information vital to their lives and the lives of their loved ones.
Fortunately, the issue of health literacy – and the need to address it – is gaining prominence. The most recent survey of adult literacy conducted by the National Center for Education Statistics included, for the first time, a component specifically devoted to health literacy, which they defined as, “the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.” The report is available through the NCES web site at http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2006483.
There is also increasing evidence that the health care community is taking note of the many ways in which poor health literacy effects not only their patients but their own success as health care providers. They recognize that poor outcomes are often due to patients’ inability to understand and follow the instructions of their physicians or the directions on the medications they are given. To help improve the understanding and thus the compliance levels of their patients, hospitals and health care facilities are increasingly looking for patient education materials written at accessible reading levels and in several languages. Some hospitals have even established health information libraries specifically designed to serve patients and their families.
Simply put the library offers access to Internet resources and a wide range of books and other printed materials that offer health information. Many of these materials will be accessible to ABE or ESL students, especially if they have the assistance of a tutor or librarian to help them discover the materials. Let's look at a few examples.
Resources on the Internet: When looking for any kind of information in this online world, most of us turn first to the Internet. For many of our ESL and ABE students, however, that is simply not an option, as many of them have neither access to computers nor the ability to use them efficiently for information needs. Fortunately, almost all public libraries offer computer access to library card holders as well as staff to help those unfamiliar with the technology.
Gaining access to a computer is the first step, but navigating through the plethora of information available, and deciding what is worthwhile for your particular purpose, is another issue entirely. In the area of medical information, the best place to start, in my opinion, is a service provided by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) called Medlineplus. It’s web site is: http://medlineplus.gov/. Medlineplus offers information about more than 750 diseases, conditions, and wellness topics; extensive information about specific drugs as well as drug policy related to Medicare; directories of physicians and other health care providers by specialty as well as geographic area; discussions of current clinical trials; and news items about important research. It has always offered information in both English and Spanish, but recently it added information in forty (yes, 40!) languages. Equally important, Medlineplus is not a commercial product. It does not allow advertisements and does not promote specific drugs or procedures. It is based on or links to authoritative and reliable materials produced by NIH and many other professional organizations dedicated to the dissemination of accessible and understandable medical information to the lay public.
Medlineplus is a free service, provided by the government. Many other useful and reliable resources are not free, however, but are made freely available to the public through the public library. These include databases such as Health Source: Consumer Edition and Health and
Books for ABE and ESL Students: Books presenting facts and discussing issues related to health and wellness constitute a significant part of the nonfiction collection of most public libraries. For ABE and ESL students, the children’s collection will contain many books which address their topics in a straightforward and informative style that will be both helpful and appealing to adult literacy students. These collections offer books covering a range of topics, from general information about health and the human body to detailed discussions of particular diseases and conditions. The books range in style and readability from the picture book format to highly illustrated atlases to textbook-like works on particular topics that offer excellent practice in reading scientific or technical information for students preparing for the GED. Let’s look at a few examples, some of which are appropriate for adult students and others which are suitable for family literacy programs.
Chris Hawkes’ book, The Human Body: Uncovering Science (Firefly, 2006) is one example of a book that can be used by students on several levels of reading ability. Although the text is written primarily at the intermediate-advanced new reader level, much information can be gleaned from the extraordinary diagrams and illustrations that draw the reader in and inspire a host of reactions. With exquisite overlays such as the internal organs over the muscular system over the skeleton, and magnified diagrams of organs at the cellular level, these illustrations provide many opportunities for students to match information from the printed text with the illustrated examples, even if that printed text is read aloud to them. Another book with great read-aloud-for-discussion potential, is Donna Jackson's In Your Face: The Facts About Your Features, (Viking in 2004). Moving from our evolutionary origins in creatures of the sea to the modern technology of face recognition as a means of identification,
We’ve talked in earlier entries about picture books that can appeal to readers of all ages. Simon Seymour’s The Heart: Our Circulatory System (William Morrow, 1996) is an outstanding example of this category. The “pictures” in this book come from such devises as scanning electron microscopes and computer enhanced imagery. The text precisely details the path of human blood through arteries, capillaries, and veins, and discusses topics such as how white blood cells fight infection and how cholesterol builds up in arteries. This clearly written factual account then ends on a poetic – even reverent – note, describing the “sixty-thousand-mile voyage” of blood through the body as “a journey as strange and wonderful as any journey to the stars.” In a similar vein, Simon has produced several other titles in this series of picture books, including, Eyes and Ears, The Brain, Bones, and Guts.
Several publishers have produced series of books covering health issues that will be of particular interest and appeal to the audience of adult literacy students. Heinemann Publishers of Chicago, for example has published a number of series at different reading levels. The series “Just the Facts,” written at the intermediate new reader level, covers a range of diseases. Their entry titled Aids (2003) is typical. It discusses the symptoms, treatments, complications, and risks associated with the disease. But it also goes beyond the medical facts to examine some of the social, political, and legal ramifications of this epidemic, thus suggesting avenues of discussion that will be of particular interest to adults. It introduces readers to Ryan White, for example, the young hemophiliac boy who contracted aids from a blood transfusion and was ostracized by his school community but eventually became an eloquent spokesperson for the rights of aids patients. Emphasizing the importance of knowledge, this simple book debunks prevalent myths about the disease and treats a difficult subject in a respectful, matter-of-fact manner that respects readers of all ages.
A genre of books popular for the children’s market could loosely be described as picture dictionaries or atlases. DK Publishing has produced a number of such titles that are visually appealing across age ranges and offer information through illustrations as well as text, making them accessible across reading levels as well. One excellent example is Human Body: An Extraordinary Look from the Inside Out (1997) from the series Inside Guides. Written by Frances Williams, it offers a comprehensive yet accessible atlas of the human body in which all the body systems are presented by handcrafted models of extraordinary detail and many shades of color. Microscopic photographs offer a look at the cellular level and clear text explains the function of each body section. Although marketed to children, many libraries will have additional copies in the adult collection.
At the intermediate – advanced new reader levels, some series offer an almost textbook-like format that will be helpful for students preparing for the science reading section of the GED. Lucent Books, for example, offers a series titled Diseases and Disorders in which individual books discuss a range of diseases including Alzheimer’s disease, breast cancer, epilepsy, autism and dyslexia. The chapters in each of the books discuss the nature of the disease or disorder, how it is diagnosed, what the standard treatments are, some possible alternative treatments, and day to day problems. They also offer an overview of potential research developments as well as a list of organizations to contact for additional information.
Books for Family Literacy Programs: For family literacy programs, public libraries offer a wealth of materials for adult literacy students to discuss and learn from along with their children. In Caroline Arnold’s The Skeleton System (Lerner Publications, 2005), for example, part of the Early Bird Body Systems series, each chapter opens with a question, the answer to which can be found within that chapter, offering opportunities for adult and child readers alike to practice finding specific pieces of information within a larger text.
Part of The Cat in the Hat’s Learning Library series, Tish Rabe’s Inside Your Outside: All About the Human Body (Random House, 2002) offers a whimsical, rhyming tour of the human body. Along the way, readers are introduced to lots of vocabulary as well as “fun facts” such as the size of the bones in the inner ear. Children and adults will laugh at the antics of The Cat, and they will learn a lot as well.
On a more serious note, Bee Peta’s Living with Asthma (Steck-Vaughn, 2000) follows the daily routines of three children as they learn how to control their environment so as to minimize the effects of their disease. Books such as this one which feature an instructive and positive view of children coping with difficult medical conditions remind all readers that knowledge and a positive attitude are essential aspects of all therapy.
